Alltext2.text = "A method of sound synthesis where simpler waveforms are combined into complex waveforms. The complex waveforms are then continuously generated for the desired duration, filtered, and enveloped, or shaped in time.
Case 105
Alltext2.text = "The abbreviation of the terms Attack, Decay, Sustain and Release. These are the four basic areas of a sound envelope. They control how a synthesized sound is shaped in time.
Case 110
Alltext2.text = "A continuous controller built into the keyboard of some synthesizers. It allows the performer the ability to adjust such effects as vibrato or modulation by varying the pressure on the key after the note has been played.
Case 115
Alltext2.text = "Since sound is made up of waves, an analog device is one that basically translates these sound waves into other types of waves. A record player is an analog device because is translates continuous sound waves into continuously waved microscopic grooves in vinyl. Likewise, a tape deck is an analog device because is translates continuous sound waves into a continuous streams of electrical signals on tape.
Case 120
Alltext2.text = "When sound waves are recorded to a computer, the continuous analog waves are sampled at a specific frequency and bit resolution. Each sample is a digital picture whose information is a series of "0"s and "1"s. Digital audio simulates the original continuous sound waves by putting lots of samples together in a row, like a motion picture which simulates real movement by showing lots of pictures in a row.
Case 125
Alltext2.text = "This is the first portion of four in a sound envelope. It is generally very short and represents the time needed for the sound to go from zero amplitude to its maximum amplitude.
Case 130
Alltext2.text = "There are 128 auxiliary controllers in MIDI, giving it the ability to record such parameters as breath control, portamento, balance, piano pedals, and many others.
Case 135
Alltext2.text = "A MIDI file that uses only Channels 13 through 16, where Channel 16 is the reserved for percussion. Base-level MIDI files are for use on low-end sound cards with restricted synthesis capabilities.
Case 140
Alltext2.text = "The amount of data captured in any moment's digital audio sample. The most common resolutions are 8-bit and 16-bit. The higher the bit resolution the more accurate the recorded sound.
Case 145
Alltext2.text = "Also known as Redbook audio, CD audio is a digital specification for recording onto CDs. Developed by Sony and Philips, the CD audio standard sets digital recording at a sample rate of 44 kHz and 16 bit resolution.
Case 150
Alltext2.text = "This stands for Compact Disc, Read Only Memory, an optical storage media that can hold over 600 Megabytes of digital information. CD-ROM devices come in a variety of speeds, from single speed through 6x (six-speed).
Case 155
Alltext2.text = "MIDI divides up performance information into channels, which are analogous to instruments. Music to be played by a specific instrument is assigned to one specific channel with the appropriate patch selected. Music to be played simultaneously by a different instrument needs to be assigned to a different channel.
Case 160
Alltext2.text = "The channel reserved in General MIDI to be used for percussion only; any note values to be played in this channel are sent to specific non-pitched percussion instruments instead of being played on a single-pitched instrument. This is accomplished using the Percussion Patch Map.
Case 165
Alltext2.text = "These are messages sent via MIDI that are coded to be received by only those devices whose channel assignments match that of the incoming data. It is analgous to a radio which receives only the signal from the radio station to which it is tuned.
Case 170
Alltext2.text = "When too much signal is fed into a recording device the output gets distorted and garbled. This effect occurs when recording music with very soft and very loud passages. In order to get enough of the softer music recorded, the signal is boosted, which causes the loud passages to clip.
Case 175
Alltext2.text = "Continuous controllers emulate the effects of musical instruments which can change over the length of a note. They are designed to record in real-time, and can record piano pedal, breath controllers, portamento as well as many others.
Case 180
Alltext2.text = "There are 128 controllers in MIDI giving it the ability to record and reproduce such effects as breath control, portamento, balance, piano pedals, and many others.
Case 185
Alltext2.text = "A waveform goes from zero amplitude, through its crests and valleys, and then reaches zero amplitude again, where the entire waveform is about to repeat. This distance is called one cycle. On a simple sine wave the distance over one crest and up from the following valley is a complete cycle.
Case 190
Alltext2.text = "This is a type of MIDI setup where new devices are added to the end of the line using the Thru port of the previous MIDI device. This is similar in many ways to the SCSI setup on PCs, and suffers the same shortcomings, lack of signal at the end of the line. This is contrasted with the MIDI Star Network setup.
Case 195
Alltext2.text = "Digital Audio Tape is a widely used recording media in professional studios. The sound information is recorded as digital bits on magnetic tape.
Case 200
Alltext2.text = "These are the tone generators for FM synthesis. Oscillators created simple waveforms that are combined into the complex waveforms needed for realistic sound synthesis.
Case 205
Alltext2.text = "This the second portion of a sound envelope. It represents the sound growing softer immediately following a strong attack.
Case 210
Alltext2.text = "Sound waves traveling through the air used to be recorded onto vinyl and tape. In order to record these sound waves to a computer they need to be converted to a series of "0"s and "1"s. Once this conversion is complete the recording is called digital audio.
Case 215
Alltext2.text = "The "0"s and "1"s of a digital audio file need to be reconstructed into an analog sound wave in order to be heard. The many digital audio samples are played back and then converted into analog signals which you can hear through speakers or headphones.
Case 220
Alltext2.text = "This is a MIDI device dedicated to producing or recording percussion effects. It usually has drum pads that can be struck to record rolls and hits of varying intensities, and frequently has many more percussion sounds that the General MIDI specification.
Case 225
Alltext2.text = "The computing muscle behind your sound card's ability to record digital audio are DSPs, dedicated processors which execute the Analog to Digital conversions and vice versa.
Case 230
Alltext2.text = "An envelope is a synthesized sound's "shape in time." It consists of four basic components: attack, decay, sustain and release (ADSR).
Case 235
Alltext2.text = "This is a MIDI configuration which uses only Channels 1 through 10, where Channel 10 is reserved for percussion. Extended-level MIDI files are for use on higher-end sound cards with good sound synthesis. It is not as demanding as General MIDI, which uses all 16 channels.
Case 240
Alltext2.text = "This is a form of additive synthesis that uses digital oscillators to create sound. Simple waveforms are generated and varied by adjusting their frequencies and overtones. These simple waveforms are then combined to create complex waveforms that are subsequently filtered and enveloped to yield a complex generated sound.
Case 245
Alltext2.text = "The number of film or video frames that pass per second is called the frame rate. It is the smallest unit of measure in the SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) time code, Hours:Minutes:Seconds:Frames. On PCs, frame rate for video cards is expressed in FPS (frames per second).
Case 250
Alltext2.text = "The frequency of a wave tells you how many complete waveforms (cycles) happen per second. It is measured in cycles per second, also known as Hertz. The higher the frequency of a sound the higher its perceived pitch. "A 440" is the reference pitch for an orchestra's tuning, which means that the note "A" has a frequency of 440 cycles per second.
Case 255
Alltext2.text = "Sound cards are designed so you can add either a joystick and/or a MIDI adapter cable. There is a 15-pin connector on the back of the card called a game port, which accepts the cable of either of these devices. Additionally, there is usually a software driver that needs to be installed so that your programs will recognize the devices.
Case 260
Alltext2.text = "This is a MIDI specification that uses all 16 MIDI channels, reserving Channel 10 for percussion. The General MIDI spec also includes specific patch mappings so that all GM devices produce the same instrument sounds when using the same patch numbers.
Case 265
Alltext2.text = "There are many musicians who want to use MIDI but play different instruments than the piano. Guitar controllers and interfaces were developed to accommodate guitarists who want to use MIDI. These devices use a pickup that translates the frequency of the guitar's strings to MIDI pitch information.
Case 270
Alltext2.text = "A recording system that allows you to record sound to your computer using Analog to Digital conversion. Sound Recorder in Windows and Windows 95 makes your home computer into a simple hard disk recorder. There are many high-end hard disk recording systems which can give your PC complete control over the digital audio recording and editing process.
Case 275
Alltext2.text = "This is another term for frequency (cycles per second). One Hertz equals one cycle per second.
Case 280
Alltext2.text = "Piano keyboards are the traditional devices for entering pitch information into MIDI. This is because MIDI evolved from keyboard-based synthesizers. The piano keyboard uses alternating black and white keys to represent specific pitches.
Case 285
Alltext2.text = "Heavy duty MIDI users need to store and retrieve all of their patches and created sounds. This is accomodated through the use of librarian programs which can organize your work in many different ways.
Case 290
Alltext2.text = "Wavetable synthesizers use short samples of instrument sounds and then repeat them over and over for the length of time needed by MIDI. This process of continually repeating one sound sample is called looping. This term is also used in MIDI sequencers to represent a number of measures of MIDI data which repeat over and over. For example, drum parts to songs are often looped as the beat repeats continuously.
Case 295
Alltext2.text = "On the back of a sound card there are various input plugs. One of these is designed to receive the output of a microphone and has the correct impedance matching. It is usually a mini plug.
Case 300
Alltext2.text = "This is the filename extension of generic MIDI files on the PC.
Case 305
Alltext2.text = "Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) is a design specification developed in 1983 to enable different manufacturers' machines and devices to properly communicate with each other. MIDI not only specifies how each note and piece of musical information is translated electronically, it also controls how different machines will interpret this information. The original MIDI specification was updated into the General MIDI specification, which adds definitions for which instrument sounds are generated from which patch numbers, as well as other refinements.
Case 310
Alltext2.text = "All MIDI messages received at the MIDI In port are echoed to the MIDI Thru port. This echoing process is the core technology behind MIDI Daisy Chain setups.
Case 315
Alltext2.text = "MIDI filters are used to select which types of MIDI data to record or play back. If you don't want to hear pitch bend or similar information, you can filter it out. Any of this specific information is ignored during recording and playback.
Case 320
Alltext2.text = "This is the MIDI port that receives the MIDI information for a given device.
Case 325
Alltext2.text = "A MIDI interface allows your PC to communicate with MIDI devices. Most sound cards have a game port that can be converted to a MIDI interface through the addition of a cable adapter and software. Additionally, there are dedicated MIDI interfaces with greater capabilities and multiple ports for MIDI In and MIDI Out.
Case 330
Alltext2.text = "This is a utility accessible from the Windows 3.1 Control Panel which allows you to configure your MIDI setup. It has capabilities for creating and editing patch maps, as well as MIDI routing configurations.
Case 335
Alltext2.text = "Every musical pitch in MIDI is represented by a MIDI note number. For example, Middle C has a MIDI note number of 60, the C one octave below is 48, etc.
Case 340
Alltext2.text = "The MIDI Out port is where messages are sent to from within a device. The MIDI signals that come from the MIDI Out are received by another device's MIDI In.
Case 345
Alltext2.text = "A MIDI patchbay is an essential part of a MIDI setup with several devices. It allows you to route MIDI signals from various controllers to different sound modules or devices. For example, you might have two different synths, a computer, a drum machine, and three dedicated sound modules. A patchbay would route any of your MIDI Outs to any of your MIDI Ins so that a synth could control all of your devices, or just one. Likewise, you can bypass your computer's MIDI Interface and play sound modules directly without the computer being turned on. Patchbays come in standard and programmable varieties.
Case 350
Alltext2.text = "MIDI In, MIDI Out and MIDI Thru are all MIDI ports. MIDI ports have the industry standard 5-pin connector.
Case 355
Alltext2.text = "This is basically a MIDI Out port with a special feature: it echoes the MIDI information received by a device's MIDI In port and sends it through to the next device in the MIDI setup.
Case 360
Alltext2.text = "This is as an alternative time code to SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) time code. It allows a user to synchronize MIDI to real-time devices and is based on sending pulses at a rate of 120 quarter frames per second.
Case 365
Alltext2.text = "If you need to adjust the sound levels of different audio or MIDI sources, you'll want to use a mixer of some kind. Mixers are large boards with many dials and knobs to control volumes, pans, input sources and numerous other parameters. The mixing board is separated into tracks (columns) that control discrete inputs.
Case 370
Alltext2.text = ""Mode" in MIDI indicates what level of polyphony the sound generator is producing. Mono mode means that only one note at a time can be produced, and only on one channel.
Case 375
Alltext2.text = "The MPU-401 interface was designed by Roland and was the first industry-standard MIDI interface for the PC. Any MPU-401 compatible interface is practically guaranteed to work with any sequencer or device.
Case 378
Alltext2.text = ""Mode" in MIDI indicates what level of polyphony the sound generator is producing. Multi mode is short for multitimbral mode, and means that more than one note can be produced on any channel, and that all 16 channels can be played at the same time. This is the mode supported by the General MIDI specification.
Case 380
Alltext2.text = "This is a MIDI Interface that has more than one MIDI In and MIDI Out port. For many users this is all that's needed to support a large MIDI setup; other users will find it necessary to add a MIDI patchbay to keep devices organized.
Case 385
Alltext2.text = "When a synthesizer or sound module is capable of producing more than one instrumental voice at the same time it is called multitimbral. The General MIDI specification calls for devices to be fully multitimbral on all 16 channels, as well as having at least 28 voice polyphony.
Case 390
Alltext2.text = "This is the process whereby different musical information is recorded to different tracks. Musicians who need the capability to perform more than one part in a recording, as well as recording more than one version of any single part, need a multitrack recording device of some kind. Multitrack recorders, when playing back the music, mix all the different tracks together again, making it possible to hear all of what was previously recorded while performing the new material. Hardware multitrack tape recorders have built-in mixer panels; software sequencers are designed to emulate these.
Case 393
Alltext2.text = "The non-pitched percussion instruments are those that do not produce a discrete pitch when played. For example, a snare drum does not play Middle C, it just makes its sound. These instruments are all grouped together on Channel 10 in the General MIDI specification. There is a Percussion Patch Map used to show which specific instrument will play when a particular key is pressed.
Case 398
Alltext2.text = ""Mode" in MIDI indicates what level of polyphony the sound generator is producing. Omni mode means that the sound module can produce more than one note, but only on one channel at a time.
Case 400
Alltext2.text = "This is a term used for the combination of a digital oscillator and an envelope generator. FM synthesis sound cards are described in terms of their ability to synthesize sound, which in turn is directly related to how many operators the card has. SoundBlaster-compatible cards use either 3 or 4 operator synthesis, which means that they have three or four digital oscillator/envelope pairs. These three or four oscillators produce all of the source waveforms for the sound card's FM synthesis.
Case 405
Alltext2.text = "An oscillator is a device that produces controlled vibrations. In sound synthesis, digital oscillators are used to produce controlled waveforms which are combined and edited to create sound.
Case 410
Alltext2.text = "Any note that you hear is comprised of a fundamental tone and some of its overtones, or harmonics. The fundamental tone is the one you hear the best and one you use it to tell the exact pitch. The overtones are sound components that are at a higher frequency than the fundamental tone but a lesser intensity. They aren't heard as separate tones, but rather combine with the fundamental to create a timbre, or color, for the note. By combining different overtones with the fundamental, different basic waveforms are produced, such as sine, square, sawtooth, and triangle waves.
Case 415
Alltext2.text = "The word parameter is synonymous with variable or controller in MIDI. One might call the velocity of a note the velocity controller, velocity variable, or velocity parameter. In any case, all parameters in MIDI vary along a scale from 0 to 127.
Case 420
Alltext2.text = "A patch is an instrumental choice. It is synonymous with voice or instrument. If you want to hear an Acoustic Grand Piano in General MIDI, you set your patch number to 1; to hear a Trumpet set the patch number to 57.
Case 425
Alltext2.text = "A MIDI track must be assigned to only one channel, but that doesn't mean that the one channel can only access one instrument sound. A single channel can play any number of instrument sounds by inserting a patch change in the MIDI data. To change in General MIDI from Trumpet to Flute, simply insert a patch change message to patch #74, then to switch back insert a patch change message to patch #57.
Case 430
Alltext2.text = "If you need to edit the sound assigned to a specific patch number you can do it in one of two ways. First, the sound module itself usually has some controls for editing its sounds; second, you can edit the sound using a patch editor program. For example, if you have a saxophone patch which you'd like to sound learner, you can load the patch editor and change the sound synthesis parameters. Patch editors also have the ability to save changes and load the different patch settings back into a synth.
Case 435
Alltext2.text = "This is a method for digitally encoding and decoding digital audio data into analog audio waveforms, and vice versa.
Case 440
Alltext2.text = "In General MIDI all non-pitched percussion instruments are accessed using Channel 10. In order to have more than one of these instruments playing simultaneously on the same channel there is a Percussion Patch Map that assigns different instruments to each of the notes on a piano keyboard. For example, the note Middle C actually plays a Hi Bongo; the next half-step up, C-sharp, plays a Lo Bongo; the next, D, plays Mute Hi Conga; etc.
Case 445
Alltext2.text = "In order to achieve the musical effect of a scoop, or a slide, or a bend, synthesizer keyboards often have a pitch bend wheel that raises and lowers the pitch. You can vary the effect by changing how far the wheel is turned and in which direction. MIDI has a dedicated parameter for pitch bend.
Case 447
Alltext2.text = ""Mode" in MIDI indicates what level of polyphony the sound generator is producing. Poly mode means that more than one note can be produced by the module, but on only one specific channel.
Case 448
Alltext2.text = "The total number of notes and timbres that can be produced by a synthesizer or a sound module is referred to as its polyphony. The manner in which the sound generation device responds to information on multiple MIDI channels is referred to as its "mode", while the maximum number of sounds it can produce at the same time is given as a numeral. For example, 32 note polyphony means that the synth can produce 32 pitches at the same time. However, if this is a poly mode synth, then it would only be able to respond on one channel.
Case 450
Alltext2.text = "This is the timing resolution used by MIDI sequencers to determine exact tempi, as well as controlling the recording resolution of MIDI data. The higher the number the greater the resolution of your MIDI data.
Case 455
Alltext2.text = "Programmable mixers can record and play back specific mixer actions and effects. They often have either a layered memory setup, where you can add to a recorded mix, or software that allows you to generate a mix.
Case 460
Alltext2.text = "Punch In recording is used when you need to change only a small area of a track. Instead of re-recording the entire track, you select the region that is going to change, and the sequencer or tape deck will record only during that selected time.
Case 465
Alltext2.text = "This is a process whereby sequencers pull MIDI notes and messages to user-controlled grid positions in time. When quantizing, the user determines the smallest significant rhythmic value and sets that as the grid to which all note lengths should conform. For example, if the quantization grid is set to eighth notes, then the sequencer will round up any note lengths shorter than an eighth, as well as equalizing the lengths of the notes so that everything sounds clean and well-synchronized.
Case 470
Alltext2.text = "This term is used in MIDI to express two different concepts. The first is connected to SMPTE time code. In this reference real-time refers to location in time, measured in Hours:Minutes:Seconds:Frames. The second concept refers to MIDI values that change continuously throughout the music and are not discrete single events. These real-time controllers include breath control, pitch bend, portamento, piano pedaling, and many others.
Case 475
Alltext2.text = "The final part of the standard sound envelope (ADSR) is the release. It represents the shape and length of the sound after the key or controller has been released until the amplitude returns to zero.
Case 478
Alltext2.text = "Wavetable synthesizers use small portions of digitally recorded sound to generate a given instrumental voice in MIDI. This small portion is called the sample and is looped as long as desired.
Case 480
Alltext2.text = "This device records live sounds and then gives the user controls over how to create continuous sound from that recording. This involves selecting the sample area for looping, filtering the source sound file, and enveloping it. When the process is done, you've created your own wavetable instrument from anything that you've recorded.
Case 485
Alltext2.text = "When making digital audio recordings, the sound is recorded at a certain number of samples per second. This is called the sample rate. The higher the sample rate the greater the audio fidelity. Standard sample rates for digital audio are 11 kHz, 22 kHz and 44 kHz. CD audio is sampled at 44 kHz, or 44,000 samples per second with a bit resolution of 16-bit.
Case 490
Alltext2.text = "To convert standard MIDI files into musical notation that can be printed out and played by traditional non-MIDI instruments and musicians, you'll need scoring software. These programs represent the specific MIDI data using staves, systems, notes, rests and most of the standard symbols used by musical typesetters. Each scoring program approaches this task very differently, so translations between different scoring programs are impossible without reverting back all the way to the raw MIDI data.
Case 495
Alltext2.text = "Sequencers are programs for recording, editing, and playing back MIDI music. Derived from the concept that all musical performances can be thought of as notes and rests in a specific order, a sequencer records that specific order into MIDI data, which can then be edited and manipulated.
Case 500
Alltext2.text = "SMPTE stands for the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. It is a standardized time code that marks the exact position in time of film or video. SMPTE is measured in Hours:Minutes:Seconds:Frames.
Case 505
Alltext2.text = "In order for your host computer to recognize a specific hardware device, such as your MIDI Interface, you need to have installed a software driver. The software driver acts as a layer that lets your PC know what it's connected to and how these pieces function.
Case 510
Alltext2.text = "To find out where you are in a MIDI song you'd use the Song Position Pointer (SPP). SPP gives you your position in relative terms of Measure:Beat:Pulse. SPP does not map directly to real time since any change in tempo changes the real-time position of a fixed SPP location.
Case 515
Alltext2.text = "Sound is really a series of complex waves that are transmitted to human ears through the air. Notes are a small subset of sound waves but easier to explain. Notes have specific frequencies and have definite waveforms. So, when you hear a specific note, you're really hearing some very specifically shaped waves repeating over and over.
Case 520
Alltext2.text = "You can make one keyboard controller play more than one channel, or instrument, through the use of splits. Splits separate the keyboard into pitch regions that can control different channels. For example, if you want to play a song with Flute and Pizzicato Bass at the same time, you can set a split point on your keyboard at Middle C. Any notes played above Middle C will be sent on Channel 1, and any notes played below Middle C will be sent on Channel 2. Set your Channel 1 patch to Flute (GM #74) and your Channel 2 patch to Pizzicato Strings (GM #46), then you're ready to play.
Case 525
Alltext2.text = "This is the basic form of MIDI file as established in the MIDI specification. Nearly every sequencer adds enhancements to its MIDI files that makes them unreadable in other sequencers. In many ways a standard MIDI file is the generic text file of MIDI music.
Case 530
Alltext2.text = "A MIDI network that has a patchbay of some kind at its core is called a star network. Each device comes off of the patchbay as an arm of the star. It differs from the daisy chain network, where devices are connected to each other via the MIDI Thru port of the previous device.
Case 535
Alltext2.text = "There are two main ways to synthesize sounds. Subtractive synthesis is the technique where very complex waveforms are filtered to achieve the desired sounds. It is also known as analog synthesis.
Case 540
Alltext2.text = "In a standard sound envelope (ADSR) the sustain area is the one which represents the sound being held out. The level indicated in the sustain area is the level maintained as long as the key is depressed or the note is to be held. Changes to a continuous controller such as breath control would override this part of the envelope.
Case 545
Alltext2.text = "Different machines in a production studio all need to be set to the same time. This is called synchronization and allows for many devices to input their material into a final mix and be in the same place at the same time. In order to synchronize, there needs to be a common time code used by all the devices, usually SMPTE.
Case 550
Alltext2.text = "Any electronic device that can create new sounds from existing sounds can be called a synthesizer. There are many different kinds of synthesis based on two techniques: additive synthesis, where sounds are built from basic, generated waveforms; and subtractive synthesis, where pre-existing, complex waveforms are filtered to produce the new sound.
Case 555
Alltext2.text = "A system-exclusive (SysEx) message is MIDI information coded to be received by a specific instrument or device. It often includes information such as patch dumps, configurations, and other machine-specific data that is not part of the MIDI specification.
Case 560
Alltext2.text = "In MIDI music, the speed at which music progresses is determined by its tempo. In order to change the tempo in MIDI the user sets up a tempo map in a sequencer, which can be changed at any time.
Case 565
Alltext2.text = "This is the term used to describe an instrument's sound qualities. In MIDI, timbre refers to a single distinct instrumental voice. In this sense a multitimbral synthesizer is one that can produce more than one instrumental voice at a time.
Case 570
Alltext2.text = "A tone is a distinct, identifiable pitch. In MIDI, tones are indicated by MIDI note numbers. Middle C has a MIDI note number of 60, C-sharp is 61, etc.
Case 575
Alltext2.text = "Most music has many parts sounding at once. These parts represent different musical information. Tracks can be thought of as electronic versions of this musical data. With the invention of the multitrack recorder, musicians were given the capability to record and edit tracks individually. Later on, the tracks could be recombined into a final mix which would be just like a live performance. MIDI uses tracks in a similar way, but has the added element of channels. Think of tracks as the musical information and channels as being the instruments assigned to play this music.
Case 580
Alltext2.text = "MIDI uses the velocity parameter to represent the initial volume of a note. It varies on a scale of 0 to 127, where 127 is the loudest.
Case 585
Alltext2.text = "A velocity-sensitive keyboard is one that accurately translates how hard you play into the MIDI velocity parameter. This, in turn, directly translates into how loud the note sounds.
Case 590
Alltext2.text = "Vibrato is a slight oscillating fluctuation in pitch produced over the duration of a note. Vibrato in MIDI is often controlled by a wheel on keyboards, and affects how the sound in modulated over time.
Case 595
Alltext2.text = "Filters are used in sound synthesis to edit the waveforms across a range of pitches. This is done to simulate how instruments sound different in varying parts of their range. For example, a clarinet typically has a bright, piercing sound in its upper register, but an earthy, mellow tone in its lower register. To achieve this effect using only one waveform, a synthesizer might filter out some of the high overtones when the lower notes are played.
Case 600
Alltext2.text = "This is the filename extension for digital audio wavefiles on the PC.
Case 605
Alltext2.text = "A waveform is the shape of a sound wave for one complete cycle. For a sine wave this would be one rise and one crest; for more complex waves this can be much more bumpy and complex.
Case 610
Alltext2.text = "By using small, high resolution recorded samples of real instruments, wavetable synthesizers are able to generate very accurate instrumental sounds. These small samples are looped for the desired length and enveloped in time just as in other synthesis techniques. Wavetable synthesis is neither additive synthesis nor subtractive synthesis, but rather a hybrid.
Case 615
Alltext2.text = "A wind controller is a MIDI input device which resembles a traditional wind instrument and can reproduce the style of playing of such an instrument. It often looks like a Clarinet or Soprano Saxophone, and has the same fingerings as the real instrument. Additionally, good wind controllers have breath control for volume, and a reed which can capture pitch bend information."
Case 508
Alltext2.text = "This is a wavetable synthesis technique available from many vendors. By using the Pentium« processor and instrument wave samples stored on chips, software wavetable synthesis technology generates very accurate instrumental sounds for the playback of MIDI songs. Using the Pentium« processor bypasses the need for a separate Digital Signal Processor to synthesize the sounds."
